In 1928, the Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra played at a concert celebrating the tenth anniversary of the foundation of the Republic of Czechoslovakia. For the event, the head of the orchestra, Emil Holm, had asked Nielsen to compose a piece which included both a Czech and a Danish folk melody. The rough draft is end-dated 24 October 1928, just a week before the first performance on 1 November. See more about this work at The Royal Library